7 This is super important info - I had no idea! If you have existing Traditional IRA money, is there any way to still do a backdoor Roth without triggering this pro-rata rule? I've got about $30k in an old Traditional IRA.

19 Yes, there's a workaround! If your employer's 401(k) plan accepts rollovers from IRAs, you can roll your existing pre-tax IRA funds into your 401(k) before doing the backdoor Roth. Since 401(k)s don't count in the pro-rata calculation, this effectively zeroes out your pre-tax IRA balance. This only works if your 401(k) plan allows for incoming rollovers from IRAs, so you'll need to check with your plan administrator. If this is possible, you could roll the $30k into your 401(k), then do a clean backdoor Roth conversion without pro-rata tax consequences. Timing matters though - you'd need to complete the rollover to the 401(k) before December 31 of the tax year you're doing the conversion.

4 You can file amended returns (Form 1040-X) for the previous years where this mistake was made. You'll also need to include Form 8606 for each of those years to establish your non-deductible basis. The statute of limitations for amending returns and claiming refunds is generally 3 years from the original filing date, so your 2021-2023 returns should all still be eligible for amendment.

Wait, really? Does that mean I could potentially reduce what I owe? The notice does include something about an early withdrawal penalty. What kind of documentation would I need to prove it was for our home purchase?

Yes, if you're being charged the 10% early withdrawal penalty and you qualify for the first-time homebuyer exception, you could reduce your bill by that amount. For a $40,000 withdrawal (just guessing based on your tax amount), that could be around $4,000 in savings! You'll need documentation showing you used the funds for home purchase expenses within 120 days of the withdrawal. This could include your closing statement, purchase agreement, and records showing the money transfer from your 401k to your bank account and then to the closing. Submit these along with a letter explaining you qualify for the exception under IRC Section 72(t)(2)(F).

This is great advice! I did the same thing when I got hit with penalties for underpayment. Called and politely explained it was my first mistake, and they waived all penalties. They won't offer this unless you specifically ask for "first-time penalty abatement." You'll still owe the taxes and interest, but removing penalties can make a big difference.

Thank you both! I'll definitely ask about this. I've never had any tax issues before, so hopefully I'll qualify. Even if they just remove the penalty portion, that would be a huge help.

I had no idea about university tax assistance programs. I'll definitely look into that! One question though - can I still claim education tax credits if I'm being claimed as a dependent on my dad's taxes? And would those credits go on my return or his?

If you're claimed as a dependent on your dad's tax return, then HE would claim any education tax credits based on your expenses, not you. The American Opportunity Credit and Lifetime Learning Credit would go on his return, which could help offset some of the family's overall tax burden. Your father should definitely look into claiming these credits since they can be substantial. The American Opportunity Credit can be up to $2,500 per eligible student, with 40% of it potentially refundable. Just make sure he has documentation of your qualified education expenses.

I work in a university financial aid office, and this is definitely worth trying. Many students don't realize we often have flexibility in how we structure aid packages. We can sometimes designate more of your aid specifically for qualified educational expenses rather than living expenses, which can help with the tax implications.

But what about expenses that only benefit the rented bedroom during the first half of the year? Would those be 100% deductible or still just 1/3?

If the expense only benefited the rented bedroom and had no benefit to your personal use areas, then you could deduct 100% of that specific expense. For example, if you painted only the rented bedroom or replaced a window in only that room, those would be fully deductible. However, most home expenses (like roof repairs, HVAC, plumbing, exterior painting, etc.) benefit the entire property and would need to be allocated based on the portion used for rental (1/3 in your case for the first period).

So would the first half of the year be considered a "rental of a portion of unit" and the second half be a separate "entire dwelling unit" rental on Schedule E? Or do you combine them somehow?

Does the 3rd shareholder also need to file an amended personal return if they didn't initially report their share of S-Corp income?

Yes, absolutely. Once you issue them a K-1 (even retroactively), they'll need to amend their personal return to include their share of the S-Corporation's income, deductions, credits, etc. This is crucial because the IRS matches K-1 information against individual returns. If your corporation was profitable and distributions were made, this could result in additional tax liability for that shareholder. If it showed losses, they might actually benefit from amending to claim their share of the losses (subject to basis limitations).

Form 8832 is typically used when you want to change how your business is classified for tax purposes (like switching from partnership to corporation). It's generally NOT needed for simply adding or changing shareholders in an existing S-Corp. What you need is an amended 1120-S and revised K-1s. Your accountant might be confusing this with Form 2553 (Election by a Small Business Corporation) which is used to elect S-Corp status in the first place. If your accountant is suggesting Form 8832 for this situation, I'd honestly get a second opinion.