One additional consideration that might be relevant to your situation - if either of you contributed to retirement accounts like traditional IRAs or 401(k)s, the deduction limits are significantly different for MFS status. For married filing separately, the ability to deduct traditional IRA contributions phases out completely at much lower income levels if either spouse has a workplace retirement plan. At your $142k income, you'd likely lose the ability to deduct traditional IRA contributions entirely if filing separately (assuming you have a 401k at work). Your wife at $24.3k would still be able to make deductible contributions, but the overall household retirement savings tax benefits could be reduced. Also, since you mentioned you're in the process of separating, don't forget about the dependency exemption aspect. While you can each claim your biological children as dependents, make sure you coordinate who claims any other potential dependents or qualifying relatives to avoid conflicts with the IRS. The timing of your separation during the tax year can also affect certain deductions - for example, if you paid any medical expenses for your wife or her daughter before the separation, those might only be deductible if you file jointly. Same goes for any educational expenses you might have paid on behalf of her daughter.

Given your complex situation with the income disparity and children involved, I'd definitely recommend getting professional help to run both scenarios. The math can get really tricky with MFS, especially when you factor in all the credits you might lose. One thing I haven't seen mentioned yet is the potential impact on any student aid applications if either child will be applying for college soon. The FAFSA uses tax filing status to determine which parent's income to consider, and this could significantly affect financial aid eligibility. With your higher income vs. your wife's much lower income, the filing status choice could make a huge difference in aid calculations. Also, since you're living separately now, you might want to consider whether either of you qualifies for Head of Household status instead of MFS. If you're not legally separated or divorced by year-end, you'd still be considered married for tax purposes, but there might be some planning opportunities for next year once everything is finalized. The general rule of thumb is that joint filing usually comes out ahead unless there are very specific circumstances (like significant medical expenses for one spouse, or income-based student loan repayment considerations). But your situation has enough moving parts that professional guidance could save you thousands.

Has anyone used TurboTax Business for their partnership return? We're a simple 50/50 LLC with basic income and expenses, wondering if it's worth the $200 or if there's a better option.

Great question! I went through this exact same confusion with my LLC last year. Just to add a few practical tips to what Emily covered: 1. Make sure you get an EIN (Employer Identification Number) for your LLC if you don't already have one - you'll need it for the 1065 form. 2. Keep really good records throughout the year of all income and expenses. The 1065 requires you to categorize everything properly, and it's much easier if you're organized from the start. 3. Don't forget about estimated quarterly payments! Even though the LLC doesn't pay taxes directly, you and your partner will likely need to make estimated payments on your individual returns based on your K-1 income. 4. Consider setting up a separate business bank account if you haven't already. It makes tracking business expenses so much cleaner when tax time comes around. The March 15 deadline is firm, so start gathering your documents in January. If you think you might be cutting it close, file that extension (Form 7004) early - it's better to be safe than sorry with those penalties!

One thing to keep in mind with your Germany situation is the timing of when you can claim the Foreign Tax Credit. Since Germany operates on a calendar year like the US, you should be able to claim the €8,500 you paid for 2024 on your 2024 US return. However, make sure you have proper documentation from the German tax authorities showing the exact amount paid and that it was indeed income tax (not social security or other types of taxes). The IRS can be very particular about this documentation, especially during audits. Also, since you mentioned using TurboTax, be aware that the software sometimes struggles with complex international situations. You might want to double-check its calculations manually or consider getting a consultation with a tax professional who specializes in expat taxes. The Foreign Tax Credit can get complicated when you factor in different tax rates, timing differences, and the interaction with potential state tax obligations. One last tip: keep detailed records of your days in Germany vs any time spent in California or other US states. This documentation could be crucial if California ever challenges your residency status.

One more thing to consider that I haven't seen mentioned yet: if you're planning to stay in Germany long-term, you might want to look into whether you qualify for the "bona fide residence test" vs. the "physical presence test" for the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion. The bona fide residence test can be more flexible than the physical presence test (which requires 330 days outside the US in a 365-day period). If you establish bona fide residence in Germany, you don't have to count days as strictly, which gives you more flexibility to visit California without jeopardizing your tax benefits. Also, since you mentioned working remotely for a US company, make sure your employer isn't withholding California state taxes from your paychecks while you're abroad. I've seen cases where payroll departments continue withholding state taxes for remote workers overseas, which creates a mess when you're trying to establish non-residency. If they are withholding, you'll want to update your state tax withholding status immediately and potentially file for refunds of any California taxes already withheld for 2024. The combination of Foreign Tax Credit on federal plus establishing non-residency in California could save you thousands compared to paying both German AND California taxes on the same income.

Don't forget about quarterly estimated tax payments! I do similar expert calls and got hit with an underpayment penalty my first year because I wasn't making quarterly payments. Since you don't have taxes withheld from these payments like your regular job, you're supposed to pay as you go.

Great question about quarterly payments! Generally, if you expect to owe $1,000 or more in taxes when you file your return, you should make quarterly estimated payments. With 4-5 calls at $350-500 each, you're probably looking at $1,400-2,500 in additional income, which could easily put you over that threshold when you factor in self-employment tax. The safe harbor rule is helpful here - if you pay at least 100% of last year's total tax liability through withholding and estimated payments (110% if your prior year AGI was over $150k), you won't face penalties even if you owe when you file. I'd recommend calculating roughly 25-30% of your consulting income and setting it aside for taxes. You can always adjust if needed, but it's better to overpay slightly than get hit with underpayment penalties.

Has anyone just printed out Form 4684 and done it manually? You can still e-file the rest of your return through TurboTax and just mail in the 4684 separately with a 1040-X later when it becomes available. That's what I did last year with a delayed schedule.

I'm dealing with this exact same Form 4684 issue right now! Based on all the suggestions here, it sounds like there are several viable paths forward. For those considering the professional software route that Freya mentioned - I actually called Drake Software yesterday and they confirmed Form 4684 is fully available in their system. The rep said they prioritize getting all forms ready by mid-January since tax professionals can't afford to wait. One thing I'm curious about - has anyone tried contacting TurboTax directly to see if they'll extend your subscription to next year as compensation for this delay? Seems like they should offer something for the inconvenience, especially for long-time customers like the original poster. Also wanted to mention that if you do decide to switch software mid-stream, make sure to keep detailed records of what you've already entered. Even if the new software can't import your TurboTax file, having everything organized will make the re-entry process much faster.