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Just to add some clarification about Medicaid and the ACA (Affordable Care Act) relationship: The ACA significantly expanded Medicaid eligibility in states that chose to adopt the expansion. Before the ACA, Medicaid was mostly available to low-income families with children, pregnant women, and people with disabilities. The ACA allowed states to expand coverage to all adults with incomes up to 138% of the federal poverty level. However, not all states expanded Medicaid. Currently, there are still 10 states that haven't adopted the expansion. For Form 1095-B, some states don't automatically send them anymore unless you specifically request one. This changed a few years ago, so definitely contact your state Medicaid office if you need one for your records.
Do you know which 10 states haven't expanded Medicaid? I'm moving soon and worried about my coverage potentially changing.
As of early 2025, the states that have not expanded Medicaid under the ACA are Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Wisconsin is a special case because they cover adults up to 100% of the poverty level but didn't adopt the full expansion. If you're moving to one of these states, you'll want to carefully check the eligibility requirements, as they're more restrictive than expansion states. The income limits and categories of eligible people vary significantly in these non-expansion states.
One thing nobody's mentioned yet - you might not even need the 1095-B form for your 2024 taxes! The tax penalty for not having health insurance (the "individual mandate") was effectively eliminated starting in 2019 at the federal level because the penalty was reduced to $0. So technically, you don't need to prove you had coverage on your federal return. However, some states (California, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Rhode Island, and DC) have their own individual mandates with penalties, so if you live in one of those places, you would still need documentation of your coverage.
I thought the whole point of the 1095 forms was for the penalty? If there's no penalty anymore, why do they still send these forms out at all?
Don't forget that if you claim your parent as a dependent, you might qualify for head of household filing status which gives you better tax rates than filing as single! You need to provide more than half the cost of keeping up the home where your parent lives, but it sounds like you do that already.
Does that head of household thing really make a big difference? I've always just filed as single. Is it complicated to change to that?
Head of household makes a HUGE difference! For 2025, the standard deduction for HOH is around $20,800 compared to just $14,600 for single filers. That's over $6,000 more of your income that won't be taxed! It's not complicated at all to change your filing status. When you prepare your return, you just select "Head of Household" instead of "Single" and the tax software or forms will automatically apply the better tax rates and higher standard deduction. The requirements are that you're unmarried, pay more than half the cost of keeping up the home, and have a qualifying person living with you (your dependent parent counts for this).
Has anyone dealt with the situation where a parent gets too much Social Security to qualify as a dependent? My dad gets about $2,300/month and I heard there's a gross income limit.
Don't forget to save around 30% of your freelance income for taxes! I learned this the hard way my first year. The 1040-ES helps you pay quarterly, but many newbies (including myself) underestimate how much they'll actually owe. Self-employment tax (15.3%) + regular income tax can add up fast. Also, track EVERYTHING for deductions - home office, software, equipment, professional development, portion of internet/phone bills. I use a separate credit card just for business expenses to make it easier at tax time. This can significantly reduce your taxable income.
Thanks for this tip! Does it matter what method I use to track expenses? Like can I just keep a spreadsheet or do I need special software? Also, for the home office deduction, is it better to do the simplified method or the regular one?
A simple spreadsheet works perfectly fine for tracking expenses - just make sure to keep all receipts too (digital copies are okay). I personally use a Google Sheet where I log the date, amount, vendor, and category of each expense. Some people prefer apps like QuickBooks Self-Employed or FreshBooks, but they're not necessary when you're just starting out. For the home office deduction, it really depends on your situation. The simplified method is just $5 per square foot up to 300 square feet (max $1,500 deduction), which is super easy. The regular method can potentially get you a larger deduction if you have a big office or high home expenses, but requires much more detailed record-keeping and calculations. I'd start with the simplified method your first year, then see if it's worth doing the math for the regular method next year.
Anyone know if it's too late to start making quarterly payments for 2025 if I started doing gig work in January but didn't know about these forms until now in August? Will I get penalized?
You can still catch up! Make a payment now that covers what you should have paid for Q1 (April) and Q2 (June). Then stay on track with Q3 (Sept) and Q4 (Jan). You might face a small penalty for the late payments, but it's WAY better than waiting until tax time to pay it all! The penalty is basically an interest charge.
Here's a tip if you're doing your own bookkeeping: create a separate "Sales Tax Collected" account in your accounting software as a current liability (not income). When Ebay collects the tax, you'd record it going into this account, and when they remit it to the state, it leaves this account. This keeps it completely separate from your income accounts and gives you a clean trail if you ever get audited. The balance should always zero out if Ebay is handling all the remittance for you.
What about if some of my sales are direct through my website where I have to collect and remit the tax myself? Do I treat those differently than the Ebay collected ones?
For sales through your own website, you'll use the same principles but with a few extra steps. You'll still record the collected sales tax in a liability account (not income), but since you're responsible for remitting it yourself, the balance won't automatically zero out like with Ebay. You'll need to regularly (monthly, quarterly, or annually depending on your state requirements) transfer that money to the appropriate tax authorities. When you make those payments, you'd record them as drawing down from your sales tax liability account. This keeps your income clean and gives you a clear record of your tax collection and remittance activities.
Important note: if you're selling on multiple platforms, double-check the marketplace facilitator laws for each state you sell into. Some states have different thresholds for when marketplaces must collect taxes vs when sellers need to handle it themselves. It gets complicated fast!
I've been using TaxJar for this and it's been pretty helpful for tracking all the different state thresholds. The economic nexus rules are such a pain to keep up with manually.
Camila Jordan
Just adding another perspective - I worked for a tax preparation company that specialized in international students. The $680 refund is actually pretty typical for F1/J1 students who worked summer jobs. As someone mentioned, you're exempt from FICA taxes (Social Security and Medicare), which is about 7.65% of your earnings. If you worked and made around $8-10k over the summer, getting $680 back is totally reasonable. Many companies do receive the refund directly and then distribute it to you minus their fee (which should have been disclosed upfront).
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Lucas Bey
ā¢Thanks for the insight! I did make around $8,900 over the summer, so that percentage makes sense. Do you think sharing my bank info with them is safe? That's my main concern honestly.
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Camila Jordan
ā¢Sharing your bank info with a legitimate tax service is generally safe. They're handling millions of transactions and have security protocols in place. Account and routing numbers are actually printed on every check you write, so they're not your most sensitive financial information. That said, only provide this info through their secure portal, never via email or text. And if you're still uncomfortable, you can absolutely request a paper check instead as someone suggested earlier. It'll take longer but might give you more peace of mind. Most reputable companies offer both options.
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Tyler Lefleur
Make sure the company isn't charging you a "refund transfer fee" or similar! Many tax prep companies targeting international students charge extra fees for "processing" your refund that aren't mentioned upfront. I got charged $40 just to receive my own money!
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Madeline Blaze
ā¢THIS! I had the same experience. They called it a "refund management fee" on top of the tax prep fee I already paid. Check the paperwork you signed.
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