Creating a formal partnership with an undocumented person doesn't magically solve immigration issues. There are complicated legal implications beyond just taxes. Some business structures could create bigger problems.

Not really helpful. People in mixed-status partnerships still need to handle their taxes properly. Tax compliance is separate from immigration issues, and staying tax compliant is actually important regardless of status.

You're right, my comment wasn't very helpful. I was coming from a place of concern but didn't express it well. Tax compliance is definitely important and separate from immigration matters. The IRS has specifically created systems like ITINs to ensure everyone can meet their tax obligations regardless of status.

I've heard about the checkbook IRA LLC approach but wasn't sure if it actually helps with the UBIT issue or just makes property management easier. Does the LLC structure actually change how the IRS views development activities for UBIT purposes?

The LLC structure by itself doesn't eliminate UBIT concerns. The IRS looks through the LLC to the underlying activity. The main advantage is operational flexibility - you can manage the property without going through the custodian for every transaction. Regarding UBIT specifically, the LLC doesn't change the fundamental rules about what constitutes a business activity versus an investment. What it can do is give you more control over how activities are structured and documented, which might help in borderline cases. For example, you can more easily document the investment purpose of improvements if you're managing the books directly.

That's playing with fire! Intentional prohibited transactions can have consequences beyond just the taxes and penalties. The IRS doesn't look kindly on deliberate end-runs around the rules. I'd be super cautious about this approach.

That's great to hear! I was worried they might miss things since they're students, but it makes sense they'd be extra careful if they're being evaluated. I'll definitely look into booking early. Did you need to bring anything special or prepare differently compared to going to a regular tax service?

You'll want to bring everything organized really well - all your income documents, receipts for deductions, last year's return if you have it, and especially documentation for things like childcare expenses since those need specific information. The session I had took longer than a regular tax appointment (about 2 hours) because they were being thorough and explaining things as they went. It was actually really educational! Just make sure to book your appointment early - I called in January for a mid-February slot and they were already filling up fast.

Exactly this! And don't be afraid to ask specifically about their experience with single parent returns, homeowner deductions, and healthcare costs. A good tax preparer should immediately mention checking for Earned Income Credit, Child Tax Credit, Child and Dependent Care Credit, and possible education credits for your kids depending on any activities they're in.

Do you have a template for that spreadsheet you could share? I've been trying to figure out a good way to track this stuff. Also, when you adjust quarterly, do you have to submit a new W-4 to your employer each time? Is there a limit to how often you can change it?

I don't have a shareable template, but it's pretty straightforward. I just have columns for pay date, gross pay, federal withholding, state withholding, and running totals for the year. Then I use the tax brackets to estimate what I should owe based on current earnings. There's no limit to how many times you can submit a new W-4. Employers are required to implement your new withholding by the start of the first payroll period ending on or after the 30th day after you submit it. Some companies let you update it through their HR portal which makes it much easier. I just go to my payroll department quarterly with a new form - they're used to it now.

That's an interesting approach I hadn't considered! So if we owed $9,000 total last year, as long as we withhold at least that amount throughout this year, we wouldn't face penalties even if we actually owe more come tax time? That could definitely help with the cash flow issue while ensuring we're compliant. Would the 110% rule apply to us since our combined income is over $150k?

Yes, that's exactly right. Since your combined income is over $150,000, you'd need to withhold at least 110% of last year's tax liability to qualify for the safe harbor. So if you owed $9,000 last year, you'd need to withhold at least $9,900 this year. The advantage is that you can distribute this more evenly across your jobs instead of having one job withhold a huge amount. You can calculate exactly how much extra to withhold per paycheck to hit that target. Then any additional amount you might owe, you can save up yourself and earn interest on it until tax day instead of giving it to the IRS early.

That's exactly what I was worried about! Did you end up sticking with them or finding someone else? I definitely need someone who can be proactive about industry-specific deductions.

I switched to a local CPA who specializes in small businesses in creative fields. The difference was night and day. She immediately identified several deductions I'd missed, restructured how I was tracking certain expenses, and even suggested a different business entity structure that's saving me about $3,200 in taxes this year. She charges about 30% more than Counting Work Pros did, but has already saved me way more than that difference. For specialized businesses like yours (and mine), having someone who understands the specific challenges and opportunities really matters.

That's excellent advice. How do you tactfully ask about that though? Seems awkward to bring up audits right away when interviewing a potential accountant.