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I actually maintain a spreadsheet for exactly this purpose! After getting burned by surprise non-qualified dividends a few years back, I started tracking the treaty status for different countries. The IRS doesn't make it easy, but here are some key resources I've found helpful: 1) Publication 515 (Withholding of Tax on Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Entities) has the most comprehensive treaty information 2) The IRS website has a "United States Income Tax Treaties - A to Z" page that lists all treaties, but you have to dig into each one to see if it includes the information exchange provisions 3) Most importantly, look for treaties that reference "Article 26" or similar language about "Exchange of Information" - that's usually the qualifying provision From my research, countries like Canada, UK, Germany, Netherlands, and most EU countries have the comprehensive treaties that allow OTC stocks to produce qualified dividends. Meanwhile, China, Japan (surprisingly!), and several other Asian countries have basic treaties that don't include the required exchange provisions. One thing that really surprised me was that some countries you'd expect to have comprehensive treaties (like Japan) actually don't for this specific purpose. It's not necessarily correlated with how developed or trustworthy the country is from a trade perspective. Happy to share my spreadsheet template if anyone's interested - just took me forever to compile all this info and would hate for others to have to start from scratch!
This is incredibly helpful information! I had no idea about the Article 26 provision being the key differentiator. I've been investing in foreign stocks for years without really understanding why some dividends were qualified and others weren't - just took whatever my broker told me at face value. Would you mind sharing that spreadsheet template? I'm building up my international holdings and this would save me tons of research time. It's frustrating that this information isn't more readily available or clearly disclosed by brokers when you're making investment decisions. Also, you mentioned Japan surprisingly doesn't have the comprehensive treaty - that's shocking given how developed their financial markets are! Makes me wonder what other "obvious" countries might be missing this provision.
This thread has been incredibly enlightening! I've been holding TCEHY for about two years now and just accepted that the dividends were non-qualified without really understanding why. The explanation about China's tax treaty lacking the specific "exchange of information program" provision finally makes it clear. What's particularly frustrating is that this seems like something that should be much more transparent upfront. When you're researching foreign stocks on broker platforms, they'll show you all sorts of data about the company, but nowhere does it clearly indicate "hey, by the way, dividends from this stock will be taxed at your ordinary income rate instead of the preferential rate." For those of us building long-term dividend portfolios, this can significantly impact the after-tax returns. I'm now wondering if I should reconsider some of my Chinese ADR positions and maybe look at alternatives that trade directly on major US exchanges instead of OTC. @Geoff Richards - I'd also love to get a copy of that spreadsheet template if you're willing to share it! Having a clear reference for which countries have qualifying treaties would be invaluable for future investment decisions. It's amazing how much research we have to do ourselves on tax implications that really should be more readily available.
You've hit on something that really bothers me about how foreign stock investing is presented to retail investors. The tax implications can be so significant, yet they're treated like fine print that you only discover after the fact. I've been thinking about this issue since reading through all these responses, and it seems like there's a real information gap in the market. Most investing platforms will show you expense ratios down to basis points for ETFs, but won't clearly flag that your foreign dividend stocks might get hit with much higher tax rates. @James Johnson @Isabella Santos - The lack of transparency really does force us to become tax researchers on top of being investors. I wonder if this is part of why some people stick to domestic dividend stocks even when foreign opportunities might be compelling from a business perspective. The tax complexity just adds another layer of decision-making that many investors probably don t want'to deal with. It makes me curious whether there are any advocacy efforts to push brokers toward better disclosure of these tax implications at the point of purchase, similar to how they re required'to provide risk disclosures for options trading.
Don't forget about Form 8949! A lot of new investors miss this. Schedule D is actually a summary form, and Form 8949 is where you list the details. If your 1099-B is complete and accurate (with all cost basis reported to the IRS), you might be able to skip detailed reporting on 8949 and just put the totals directly on Schedule D. But if you have any transactions where the cost basis wasn't reported to the IRS, or if you need to make adjustments to what your broker reported, you'll need to complete Form 8949 as well. FreeTaxUSA should walk you through this, but just be aware of it. For cryptocurrency specifically, most brokers don't report cost basis to the IRS yet, so you'll likely need to report those transactions in a separate section of Form 8949.
This is exactly what confused me last year! I thought Schedule D was all I needed, then got a letter from the IRS months later because I didn't properly complete Form 8949 for some transactions where cost basis wasn't reported. It's definitely worth taking the extra time to make sure you're reporting everything correctly.
As someone who went through this exact nightmare last year with about 80 trades across multiple platforms, I feel your pain! Here's what I wish someone had told me from the start: First, don't panic - FreeTaxUSA really does handle this well once you understand the process. The key thing to remember is that Schedule D is just a summary of your gains and losses, grouped by categories (short-term vs long-term, covered vs non-covered). Here's my step-by-step approach that worked: 1. Download all your 1099-B forms and any supplemental statements from your brokers 2. Separate transactions into the four main buckets: short-term covered, short-term non-covered, long-term covered, long-term non-covered 3. For each bucket, add up total proceeds, total cost basis, and any wash sale adjustments 4. Enter these summary totals into FreeTaxUSA For your crypto transactions, those will likely be in the "non-covered" category since most brokers don't report crypto cost basis to the IRS yet. Make sure to keep those separate from your stock trades. The dividends you mentioned are reported separately on Schedule B, so don't worry about mixing those with your Schedule D calculations. One last tip: double and triple-check that your final totals match exactly what's on your 1099-B forms. Even a penny difference can trigger IRS correspondence later. Take your time - it's better to be accurate than fast!
I was in the same boat last year with tons of mileage from gig work. FreeTaxUSA let me add all my mileage expenses on Schedule C for free. Just make sure you have your total miles driven for business, your total overall miles for the year, and the dates you started and stopped using your car for business. The standard mileage rate is usually the best option unless you have a really expensive car with high maintenance costs.
FreeTaxUSA worked great for me too! $0 federal filing with Schedule C. They do charge like $15 for state filing though.
Just wanted to add that TurboTax Free Edition also supports Schedule C for reporting your 1099-NEC mileage, though they do try to upsell you to their paid version pretty aggressively. I used it last year for my contractor work and it walked me through the mileage deduction step by step. One tip that saved me - when you're entering your vehicle information, make sure you select "started using for business" as the date you actually began doing contract work, not when you bought the car. This affects how much depreciation you can claim if you go the actual expense route instead of standard mileage. Also keep in mind that if you use your car for both personal and business, you can only deduct the business portion. So if you drove 15,000 business miles out of 25,000 total miles, you can only deduct 60% of your car expenses.
Some states have what they call a "convenience rule" too. New York, Nebraska, Connecticut, Delaware, and Pennsylvania have these rules where if your employer is based in their state, they may tax your income even if you're working remotely from another state. It's worth looking into if your employer is based in one of those states!
Wait so if my company is based in NY but I live and work 100% of the time in Texas, NY could still tax me? That doesn't seem right...
Yes, that's exactly what can happen with the "convenience of employer" rule. If your employer is based in NY and you're working remotely by your own choice (for your convenience) rather than because the employer requires it, NY may still consider that NY-source income. This exact issue has been litigated several times, and these states have generally been able to enforce their rules. During the pandemic, some states temporarily relaxed these rules, but many have gone back to enforcing them. There are some arguments that these rules are unconstitutional, but as of now, they're still being enforced in these states.
As someone who travels a lot for work, I've found using a time-tracking app on my phone is super helpful for documenting exactly which days I worked in which states. Makes it way easier come tax time to calculate the percentages. Also, most states have a minimum threshold before you need to file - either income amount or number of days worked there.
I use Toggl Track for this - it has GPS location tracking so it automatically logs where I was working each day. You can set up different projects for each state and it calculates the time breakdown automatically. RescueTime is another good option that runs in the background and tracks your work hours by location. Both are free for basic use and generate reports that are perfect for tax documentation.
Kelsey Hawkins
I had the exact same experience with the ID verification after switching from TurboTax to FreeTaxUSA this year! It's definitely frustrating when you've been filing the same way for years and suddenly get flagged. One thing that helped me track progress was setting up the IRS online account to view my tax transcript - it shows much more detail than Where's My Refund. Look for codes like 971 (which indicates identity verification) and 570 (which means your account is frozen pending verification). Once you see a code 571, that means the freeze has been released and your refund should process within a few days. The whole process took about 12 business days for me from verification to actual refund deposit. I know it's nerve-wracking when you're used to getting your refund on schedule, but it sounds like you did everything correctly. Just give it a few more days and you should see movement!
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Kara Yoshida
ā¢This is super helpful info about the transcript codes! I had no idea those specific numbers meant different things. I'm going to set up that IRS online account today to check my transcript. It's reassuring to know that 12 business days is normal - I was starting to panic that something went wrong with my verification. Thanks for breaking down what to look for!
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Leo Simmons
This is such a relief to read! I'm going through the exact same thing right now - filed with FreeTaxUSA for the first time after years of using TurboTax, and got hit with the ID.me verification request. I was so worried I'd done something wrong or that my return was flagged for audit. I completed the ID.me process about a week ago and have been obsessively checking Where's My Refund every day with no updates. Reading all these experiences makes me feel so much better - it sounds like 7-14 business days is totally normal for the verification processing. I'm definitely going to set up that IRS online account to check my transcript like others suggested. It's frustrating that the IRS doesn't communicate these timelines better, but at least now I know this is just part of their new security measures and not a sign that something's wrong with my return. Thanks everyone for sharing your experiences!
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