One more important thing to consider: If her husband passes away while she's still working and earning income, the earnings test would apply to both spousal and survivor benefits if she's under FRA. For 2025, if she earns over $22,320 (estimated), benefits are reduced by $1 for every $2 earned above this limit. This won't affect her after she reaches FRA, but it's something to factor into her decision if she's still working. The reduction isn't permanent though - SSA recalculates and gives credit for these reductions once she reaches FRA.

Thank you everyone for such helpful and thoughtful responses. I spoke with my sister-in-law and she's decided to schedule an appointment with SSA to get the exact benefit amounts for her situation. Given her husband's prognosis and her current financial needs, she's leaning toward taking the reduced spousal benefit now, especially understanding that it won't impact her survivor benefits later. I've helped her make a list of questions to ask and documents to bring. This community has been incredibly helpful during a really difficult time.

One thing nobody's mentioned is she should immediately report this job to SSA if she hasn't already. Not reporting work activity can lead to overpayments that she'll have to pay back later. Better to address this proactively than wait for them to find out during a review.

maybe she could ask the school if she can opt out of the retirement thing? some places let you do that especially for part time workers

this is why the government is so USELESS!!! they send out emails that confuse millions of people and then don't answer the phone. my husbands ben on hold for 3 HOURS today trying to get a simple question answered about his benefits. they say one thing online and another thing when you finally talk to someone. RIDICULOUS!!!

One thing I should add - while you won't receive the 2.5% COLA this January, your benefit amount should still be correct based on the application you submitted. If you applied recently, your Primary Insurance Amount (PIA) calculation already includes wage indexing factors that account for inflation up to your eligibility year. If you want to double-check your benefit calculation, you can request a PEBES (earnings statement) from SSA which breaks down how they calculated your benefit amount based on your lifetime earnings. This might give you peace of mind that you're receiving the correct amount even without the COLA.

i heard somewhere that wep and gpo might get eliminated soon has anyone else heard this?

One other thing to consider - if your husband plans to keep working until next April but is reaching FRA before then, make sure he understands the earnings limit doesn't apply once he reaches FRA. My husband didn't realize this and unnecessarily delayed filing for a few months thinking he'd be penalized for his income. Just wanted to mention that in case it's relevant to your situation!

I forgot to mention in my earlier post - if your brother has worked enough (usually 10 years) and paid into Social Security, make sure he applies specifically for SSDI not SSI. They're completely different programs! SSDI is based on work credits and doesn't look at assets/resources. SSI is needs-based with strict asset limits. Also, he should apply for Medicare at the same time as SSDI. There's a 24-month waiting period for Medicare after SSDI approval (with some exceptions), but getting the application in early helps.

One more critical piece of advice based on my experience: Your brother should NOT attempt to return to work before applying and getting a decision. The SSA will use any work attempt as evidence that he's not disabled, even if he tries and fails or can only manage a few hours. I know it's tough financially, but trying to work during the application process can torpedo his case. Instead, focus on documenting the medical treatment, surgical history, and recovery attempts. The fact that he has a documented infection that requires additional surgery creates a very clear medical case. Make sure the doctors document that the infection is preventing proper healing and causing ongoing limitations.